In multicellular organisms, cells work together to form tissues, organs, organ systems, and entire organisms. Even single-celled organisms, such as bacteria, have structures that allow them to carry out essential functions, such as interacting with the environment and carrying out chemical reactions that maintain life or metabolism. The cell is the basic unit of life, and all cells arise from previously existing cells. The cell theory in biology states that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells. All living things share a few key traits, including cellular organization, heritable genetic material and the ability to adapt/evolve, metabolism to regulate energy needs, the ability to interact with the environment, maintain homeostasis, reproduce, and the ability to grow and change.ĭespite its complexity, life is organized and structured. The field's scope is extensive and divided into several specialized disciplines, such as anatomy, physiology, ethology, genetics, and many more. Such is the case with long ears and slim bodies in response to the desert heat and short ears and large bodies in response to the Arctic cold.īiology is a natural science that studies life and living organisms, including their structure, function, development, interactions, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. This combination of environmental interactions and genetics allows populations to adapt to their changing environments and evolve. Such processes are powered by chemical energy from food that is transformed into kinetic energy to perform work, like running away from predators. For instance, the cardiovascular system controls blood and heat flow in the ears of a desert hare. They can also react to the environment, for example, in a desert, by burrowing during the day to keep cool.Īll of these internal and external processes are highly regulated. Their inherited genetic material provides special instructions for growth and development. Organisms can reproduce to create offspring forming a population. The biological world has a highly organized and complex structure, from molecules inside each cell to the organ systems that make up an organism's body. Biology is the scientific study of life, where all living organisms share a few key characteristics.
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